The Online Reservation Systems Computer Science Essay

The Online Reservation Systems Computer Science Essay The literature review phase is the one of the main stage that we need to focus on, so far the stage explains the main aims of the system and how the system is going to operate and the benefit of the system over environment. Firstly, Travel agent hotel suppliers will have way in to the travel agent extranet system to load room rates and allotments, instead of keeping rate and allotment contract manually. The travel agency application system is an online system that which let customers to make their reservation comfortably from anywhere. Thats All customers should be able to way in the agency services information 24 hours a day. Because of the rapid spread of the internet, the hotel adopted a reservation system that is a powerful factor to gain new sales. The travel agency began to present their own on-line reservation system. The travel agency gived some hotel with reservation systems that will normally liked to the various programs and special offers which adds to their ability to capture the travel and leisure market. These are some plan that the online travel agencies and travel agents cannot achieve because of the limitation in their services. However, this system also feels drawbacks. Most of the hotel sites do not allow for easy price comparison, some will only book reservations on the hotel which have the site. (Kearney Robinson, 2004). 2.3 Why online reservation system As a commercial medium, the Web offers a number of advantages for all the customer and companies. From the customer point of view, using the web instead of a traditional approach call for tickets or go to a travel agency means way in to a greater amount of information and also more flexibility in choosing, analyzing and comparing the offers. Having more choices with just a click away helps customers find a better deal, in possible less time. For the companies, the use of Web means decrease costs for information processing, reduced costs to suppliers, the possibility of building stronger customer relationships by having customers interact directly with the web site, the possibility of creating user profiles to be used in marketing development and also an easy way of information partnership, involving the cooperation between different companies. Travel Agent Reservation System to enhance  effectiveness in keeping hotel contracting room and allotment updated in real-time manner. 2.4 Online Travel Agency There are many traditional travel agencies that are operating on-line, but only insufficient are known by the passengers. The transaction between the travel agents and hotels is through the commission base. However, because of the direct booking of other passengers the commission basis is slow diminishing and they have to rate the customers for the service fee. The usual offers they give be contingent on their strategy and advertisement and not part of the hotels (Kearney Robinson, 2004). 2.5 Guda Travel Agency Application System Services The travel agency online application service will need the users city of destination, desired hotel quality, check-in date, and check-out date. It will departure the hotels that match the criteria, and also return the hotel name, address, check-in time, check-out time, cost per night, and total cost of the length of stay. Travel Simplified has its own database with the hotels and charge. It also has a Java application to have the hotels and rates. The Web service will need to use the tools in Application Developer Integration Edition to create a service from the application so that users can search hotels for their travels whenever they want. 2.6 Reservation systems analysis Internet presence and online application are the two business models most frequently used by the travel reservation systems we studied. The services offered in the two models are related: in Internet presence, the customers find information about the service; some examples are check hotel in Internet presence and book hotel. There are also two different services, information about special offers in Internet presence and the possibility to save the itineraries already defined in online store an itinerary consists of a hotel, usually round trip and possibly of a reserved room in one or more hotels. 2.7 User value model of a Guda Travel Agency Application System Landvogt (2004) explained online booking engines as tools to store, publish and update the dynamic data availability and prices, and moreover provide the users with a regular reservation process. A specific characteristic of the guda travel agency application system is that users can make and see the changes in reservation status online. But users can only see descriptions and pictures of hotels, sometimes rates but they could not check availability and make bookings online. This means that all business models which provide the possibility for an online  booking electronic booking service, electronic travel agent, electronic market place, and flexible comparison shopping services are compatible with above mentioned definition of website quality. 2.8 Customer needs One of the main importances in developing this application system for Guda Travel Agency application system is to satisfy the customer needs. One must remember that electronic commerce has to compete with the real-life methods of making reservation and completing customer transactions. Customers can choose between different reservations methods electronic or real-life and they will always prefer the one which best gratify their need. 2.8.1 Customer needs presentation In the case of online reservation systems we identified six main important customer needs: Lack of difficulty system status information error tolerance and system stability â‚ ¬Ã‚  query refinement for achieving customers goal â‚ ¬Ã‚  customer profiles 2.8.1.1 Lack of difficulty Lack of difficulties is one of the major problems for customers. The user interface of the online systems should be designed in such a way that all services are easy to understand and use. It can often happen that customers may want to use a service, but they dont know how to do it or the user interface does not allow them to do so. It is the case of the registration process when using online travel reservations. This system Guda Travel Agency Application system allow timetable consultation only after registering which can take quite a lot of time, or they allow consultation but there is no price information before registration. System status information and feed forward The status of the system are accessing database, computing solutions must be always indicated to the customer. Different mechanisms should be employed to give clear feedback to the customer, for error messages, data input required, no solutions found, etc. When possible, the messages should contain explanations and provide suggestions for future actions e.g. no solution was found, customer has to try to enlarge the domains for his travel constraints: dates, hotel, and time. 2.8.1.3 Error tolerance and system stability An easy and efficient way out should be provided in case of errors. This makes customers feel more confident and at ease. In the case of a customer mistake, it is important that the reservation process is restarted from a point close to the one where the mistake was generated, the customer shouldnt be sent back to the beginning. Query refinement for achieving customers goal It often happens that customers are not satisfied with the first solutions they get from the online hotel reservation system. In this case, most of the current systems allow customers to search for hotel next day, or on a newly defined day. If they are still not happy with what they get, they can come back to the query definition and change their input data. This way of interaction is quite heavy and time-consuming, using a lot of the system and customer resources. In the second part of our paper, I propose a new interaction model in which the customers can modify their initial queries directly in the result table. It is easier for customers to find exactly what they want or to find out if what they want exists or not, starting from possible existing solutions. Customer profiles The use of customer profiles in online reservation systems is connected to the registration process. The same question arises, when is the best moment to ask customers to register and/or to create their own profiles. The systems I studied have different approaches, but most of them leave the profile creation at customers control, they can do it when and if they want. The customer profiles are currently used in the same way by all the systems, but each system has its own profile implementation, which makes difficult a possible communication and data interchange. A future improvement in online travel industry would be a standard personalization technique to be adopted by all online systems providing in this way both efficiency and interoperability. 2.9 PROCEDUREs for electronic commerce Commerce in the real world is a very rich set of interaction procedures with a very complex set of constraints. The protocols used in electronic commerce systems must respect at least some of the real world models and add also new interaction techniques. Flexibility combined with ease of use and understandings are primary requirements, as rigid and restricted protocols lead to frustration for both users and developers. 2.10 Customers application PROCEDURE All existing online travel systems offer consumer application procedure. The customer must interact directly with the system in order to receive results for his query. A general model for the protocols offered by the online travel systems for booking hotel is the following: [register] input data (travel constraints) see results evaluate book The registration step can be sometimes avoided customers have the possibility to use the system as guests or to register only if they want to make a booking. Adriana Jurca, Adriana Jurca Dmt-isr 1999 programmings and techniques for developing the system Php is an extensively used general-purpose scripting language that was originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, php code is embedded direct to the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a php processor module, which generates the web page document. As a specific programming language, php code is processed by an interpreter application in command-line mode performing desired operating system operations and producing program output on its standard output channel. It also function as a graphical application. Php is existing as a processor for most modern web servers and as standalone interpreter on most operating systems and computing platforms. 2.11.1 History of PHP Php was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995  and has been in continuous development ever since. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by the php clicks and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification. Php is free software released under the php License. In other to used php they is need for basic understanding the following those are bellow: 1. HTML or XHTML 2. Java Scrip 2.11.2 USES of php. Php is a general main scripting language that is especially suited to server-side web development where php generally runs on a web server. Any php code in a requested file is executed by the php runtime, usually to create dynamic web page content. It can also be used for command line scripting and client-side GUI applications. Php can be deployed on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management systems. It is available free of charge, and the php clicks provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use. Php primarily present as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/php instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output will be html. 2.11.3 FEATURES OF PHP Access Logging With the way in logging capabilities of php, users can maintain their own hit counting and logging. It doesnt use the systems central access log files in any way, and it provides real-time access monitoring. The Log Viewer Script provides a quick summary of the way in to a set of pages owned by an individual user. Access Control A develop in web based configuration screen handles access control configuration. It is possible to create setting rules for some web pages owned by a certain person which place various restrictions on who can view these pages and how they will be viewed. The Pages can be password protected, completely restricted, logging disabled and more based on the clients domain, browser, e-mail address or even the referring document. SQL Support -the php supports embedding SQL queries directly in .html files. File Upload Support -And It lets users upload files to a web server and provides the actual Mime decoding to make this work and also provides the additional framework to do something useful with the uploaded file once it has been received. HTTP based authentication control the php can be used to create customized http based authentication mechanisms for the Apache web server. Variables, Arrays, Associative Arrays -the php supports typed variables, arrays and even Perl-like associative arrays. And with these can all be passed from one web page to another using either GET or POST method forms. Conditionals, While Loops -the php supports a full featured C like scripting language. You can have if/then/elseif/else/endif conditions as well as while loops and switch or case statements to guide the logical flow of how the html page should be displayed. Extended Regular Expressions Regular expressions are freely used for pattern matching, pattern substitutions and general string manipulation. And then the php supports all common regular expression operations. HTTP Header Control The ability to have web pages send customized http headers based on some condition is essential for high-level web site design. A frequently use is to send a Location URL header to redirect the calling client to some other URL. It can also be used to turn off caching or manipulate the last update header of pages. ISP Safe Mode support php supports a unique Safe Mode which makes it safe to have multiple users run php scripts on the same server. 2.11.4 Advantages of php You can develop web applications in php as compile and link is eliminated in php scripting language. The Php applications are very stable and do not depend on the browser technologies unlike JavaScript applications which depend on browsers. Php has excellent database connectivity to all SQL database servers. php has partial support for Object oriented features Php runs on all UNIXs, Linux, Windows 95/NT/2000 and is more powerful than ASP, JSP and others. The Php has a very large user base and developer base. 2.11.4 PHP AND HTML Php and html interact a lot because the php has the ability to generate html and the html has the ability to pass the information to php my sql MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. Advantages of MySQL MySQL is a popular database with Web developers. Its speed and small size make it ideal for a Web site. Its fast. The main aim of the folks who developed MySQL was speed. Thus, the software was designed from the beginning with speed in mind. Its Inexpensive. MySQL is free under the open source GPL license, and the price for a commercial license is reasonable. Its Easy to use. And then you can build and interact with a MySQL database by using a few simple statements in the SQL language, which is the standard language for communicating with RDBMSs. How MySQL and PHP work together 2.12.1 The Main Features of MySQL Is written in C and C++ It easily uses multiple CPUs if they are available. Provides transactional and non transactional storage engines. Relatively easy to add another storage engine. This is useful if you want to add an SQL interface to an in house database. A very fast thread based memory allocation system. Very fast joins using an optimized one-sweep multi join. In memory hash tables which are used as temporary tables. SQL functions are implemented using a highly optimized class library and should be as fast as possible. The server is available as a separate program for use in a client/server networked environment. Tested with a broad range of di ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent compilers. Works on many deferent platforms 2.13 What Is a Web Server Web server is a software application that listens for client connection a specific network port. When a connection is made, the Web server then waits request from the client application. The client is usually a Web browser, but it could be a Web site indexing utility, or perhaps an interactive telnet  session. The resources request, usually a request to send the contents of a file stored on the server, is a phrased in some version of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Although the Web servers primary purpose is to distribute information from a central computer, modern Web servers perform other tasks as well. Before the file transfer, most modern Web servers send descriptive information about the requested resource, instructing the client how to interpret or format the resource. 2.13.1 Features of web sever Many Web servers perform user authentication and data encryption to permit applications like online credit card purchasing. Another common feature of Web servers is that they provide database access on behalf of the client, eliminating the need for the client to use a full-featured database client application. Apache provides all of these features 2.13.2 Apache http sever of this project The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and maintain an open-source http server for modern operating systems including Windows 7. The main aim of this project is to provide a secure, efficient and extensible server that provides http services in sync with the current http standards. 2.13.3 THE APACHE http server Apache is a powerful, flexible, http compliant web server Its Implements the latest protocols, including http Its highly configurable and extensible with third-party modules It provides full source code and comes with an unrestrictive license It runs on Windows NT/9x, Netware 5.x and above, OS/2, and most versions of Unix, as well as several other operating systems is actively being developed it encourages user feedback through new ideas, bug reports and patches it implements many frequently requested features 2.13.4 Features of apache server DBM databases for authentication: Usually allows you to easily set up password protected pages with enormous numbers of authorized users, without bogging down the server. Customized responses to errors and problems: Allows you to set up files, or even CGI scripts, which are returned by the server in response to errors and problems, e.g. setup a script to intercept  500 Server Errors and it perform on-the-fly diagnostics for both users and yourself. Multiple Directory Index directives Allows you to say  Directory index.html index, which allows the server to either send back  index.html  or run  index when a directory URL is requested, whichever it finds in the directory. Unlimited flexible URL rewriting and aliasing The Apache has no fixed limit on the numbers of Aliases and Redirects which may be declared in the config files. And then In addition, a powerful rewriting engine can be used to solve most URL manipulation problems. Content negotiation the ability to automatically serve clients of varying sophistication and HTML level compliance, with documents which offer the best representation of information that the client is capable of accepting. Virtual Hosts This allows the server to distinguish between requests made to different IP addresses or names mapped to the same machine. And is also offers dynamically configurable mass virtual hosting. Configurable Reliable Piped Logs You can configure Apache to generate logs in the format that you want. Apache can send log files to a pipe, allowing for log rotation, hit filtering, real-time splitting of multiple hosts into separate logs, Tools require for implementing the system Dreamweaver: Adobe Dreamweaver is a web development application created by Macromedia, and is now developed by Adobe Systems, which acquired Macromedia in 2005. The Dreamweaver is available for both Mac and Windows operating systems. The Recent versions have incorporated support for web technologies such as CSS, JavaScript, and various server-side scripting languages and frameworks including ASP, ColdFusion, and PHP. Adobe Flash Adobe Flash is a multimedia platform acquired by Macromedia and currently developed and distributed by Adobe Systems. Since 1996 flash has become a popular method for adding animation and interactivity to web pages. The Flash is commonly used to create animation, advertisements, and various web page Flash components, to integrate video into web pages, and more recently, to develop rich Internet applications. And the Flash can be manipulated vector and raster graphics, and supports bidirectional streaming of audio and video. And It contains a scripting language called Action Script.   Adobe Photoshop The Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and Published by Adobe System. And it is the current market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation software, and is the flagship product of Adobe Systems. And It has been described as an industry standard for graphics professionals and was one of the early killer applications on the Macintosh, later also for MS Windows.

Food Report-Pakistan

Also the times of these meals are different as breakfast or known in Pakistan as â€Å"Cherish† is eaten afore sunrise and dinner or â€Å"Fatal is after sunset. As people are fasting during the day, lunch does not exist. Breakfast Breakfast is one of the three most common meals of the day, in Pakistan (Udder) â€Å"Nashua† in their native name for breakfast. The most common food eaten in breakfast includes eggs either boiled, fried. In addition, the egg is complemented by a piece of bread.Although tradition bread is known as â€Å"root† that is eaten. Some other food accompanied by the already listed is butter on bread or other various pitas. In Canada, coffee is the beverage of preference in the morning, although in Pakistan, as they were formerly a rites colony, they adopted tea also known as â€Å"chaw† and this is their drink of choice. Lunch A traditional lunch in a Pakistani household is as follows: typically a type of meat inside of curry, some lu nches include â€Å"Chicken Curry' and â€Å"Beef Curry'.In addition, to add variety to the meal, some households enjoy rice with beef and potatoes or chili soup. Another common type of lunch in Pakistan is â€Å"Deal Chalk†. Although, family lunches are not very common as the breadwinners are usually at work and return home for dinner. Although lunch for breadwinners may vary as traditional food is not eaten at work, due to its cent and thus they either buy food or have sandwiches for lunch. As no attention is given to the five food groups, some people may lack the suggested serving of the food groups.Dinner unlike Canada, in which breakfast is considered to be the most important meal of the day, Pakistan differs as dinner is the most important meal as the entire family is gathered together and the quantity of the meal in greater. Furthermore, dinner is served late in comparison to Canada as the work hours are longer so families have dinner at around In addition, families usually have the most tasteful meal of the day. One of the cost common meals in a Pakistani household is Brain. This meal includes rice, spices and other various meats depending on the person's choice. Desserts include sweets such as Gulag Jam or fruit platters.Family Relationships Family relations to food are known for to be very stereotypical in Pakistan as women are in charge of cooking the food while the men are the breadwinners. In Pakistan, the rate of employment of women low thus most breadwinners are men and the women are left to do housework. Also the food choices may be limited as children are eating the same type of food again and again and this limits their choices. As Pakistan has such a high poverty rate choices of food is limited thus children cannot acquire unique taste although individuals with a large amount of wealth proper.Economy The Pakistani economy consists of a large part of the food families consume. If food prices were to ever rise, some families would not be able to meet the budget to be able to purchase all the products needed to prepare a meal. Statistics show that an average income of Pakistani household averages around 79,1 58 RSI. ; which further shows that for a balanced diet an average Pakistani citizen needs about 1 1,454. 20 RSI. Average families consist of four members, which would require 45,816. 80 RSI. To purchase a sustainable amount of food for the family.

Analysis Of Raphael Ravenscroft s The Moonlight Sonata...

It is my belief that every instrument has an anthem, every instrument has an instantly recognizable piece that forms its epitome. Whether it be Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata for piano, Raphael Ravenscroft’s ‘Sax hook’ in Gerry Rafferty’s Baker Street, or G.C Colemans’s Amen Break which has been referred to as â€Å"Six second drum break that shaped 1500 songs†, every instrument has this end goal to strive for, for violin, this piece is Mà ©ditation Religieuse. Mà ©ditation, the dramatic interlude from the opera Thaà ¯s by French composer Jules Massenet, like no other piece so thoroughly shows off the range and passion that —in the right hands— a violin can execute. No longer confined to the realm of the Opera; Massonett’s Mà ©ditation has taken on a life of its own as a soloist piece. As a consequence, almost all of the great violinists of the modern age have graced it with their own unique spin such as: Jascha Heifetz, Andre Rieu, and —of course— Joshua Bell. Joshua Bell was born in Bloomington, Indiana on December 9th,1967. Bell’s interest in music was discovered at the age of four when his parents bought him a violin after finding Joshua making music my stretching rubber bands to different lengths on dresser drawers. At the age of 12 Bell he became serious about the violin when he attended the Medowmount music camp in Westport, New York. Joshua was discovered to be a prodigy, and â€Å"at t he age of 14 he made his orchestral debut at age 14 with the Philadelphia Orchestra—becoming

Evolution And Evolution By Natural Selection - 1222 Words

Introduction Arguing for evolution by natural selection to be stated as a fact is a wholly misplaced argument. Evolution by natural selection is a theory and theory is just a five letter word for an idea that cannot yet be proven. Such is the case in the arguments for and against evolution by natural selection. Looking at the weakness of the theory of Darwinian evolution is the perfect place to start to argue against evolution by natural selection. Two weakness of Darwinism in relation to creationism are, according Joseph Kuhn, the irreducible complexity of the cell, and the limited data on transitional species given the multitude of transitions that must have been involved (Kuhn, 5). With those weaknesses found they can be developed and one of the standpoints that best develops this argument is that of creationism. Creationism says that the universe was created by the specific acts of a divine being, i.e. God, and not by random or natural gradation. The theory of creationism often gets discounte d as the theory of radical religious persons but creationists are just as willing to continue to work with their theory as new evidence comes to light. Discounting the entire theory of creationism by stating that the problem is a basis in religious fanaticism paramount to stating that evolution by natural selection is unfounded because many have used it to further racist ideologies. Theories must be taken with a grain of salt and must constantly be examined and debated in order for aShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Natural Selection Evolution1005 Words   |  5 PagesNatural Selection-Evolution Natural selection is the evolutionary process through which factors in the environment exert pressure, favoring some individuals over others to produce the next generation. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) formulated this theory that has stood the test of time. Natural selection is important to anthropology for understanding how species change. 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Homosexuality And The Modern Day Civil Rights Movement

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The stereotype evenRead MoreOn January 20th, 2013, Barack Obama was inaugurated to his second term as president of the United1700 Words   |  7 PagesOn January 20th, 2013, Barack Obama was inaugurated to his second term as president of the United States. In his speech, he made history when he made a reference to gay rights, he said: We the people, declare today that the most evident of truths -- that all of us are created equal -- is the star that guides us still; just as it guided our forebears through Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall; just as it guided all those men and women, sung and unsung, who left footprints along this great MallRead MoreGay Community Rights and Respinsiblities Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe circumstances containing homosexuality have formed a varying timeline. The LGBT community’s rights and responsibilities must match those of society in general. Throughout the last 50 years the rights deserved by those who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender has been debated. Debates have included topics such as same sex marriage, housing security, and job security. The LGBT community needs laws protecting it from hate crimes. There have been multiple incidents LGBT individuals have beenRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is A Matter Of Civil Law1270 Words   |  6 Pagesone of the most controversial issues in the modern world. In the past, marriage was recognized as a social union between a man and a woman and in most cultures, homosexuality was viewed as abnormal and forbidden. However, today, homosexual relationships are fighting their way towards global acceptance as the LGBT community has been extremely active, advocating for their right to marry since the early 90s. With an increased in tolerance for homosexuality in society, controversy over the legalization

From the Great Wall to the Pyramids Free Essays

The Great Wall of China and the Egyptian Pyramids are both Manmade Wonders of the World and belong to two of the oldest civilizations. Ancient Egypt and ancient China both have history that date back over 4,000 years ago, and though the two civilizations co-existed simultaneously with one another, there were little contact between the two. Yet apart from some underlying differences, there are many similarities between the two cultures as is highlighted when examining the Analects and The Book of the Dead. We will write a custom essay sample on From the Great Wall to the Pyramids or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the surface, the social behavior and values emphasized in the Analects and The Book of the Dead resemble one another; however, upon closer examination it becomes apparent that the origin and purpose behind the actions different greatly. The purpose of the two literatures contrast due to the lifestyles and beliefs that were held during each of the corresponding civilizations. Though the texts preach similar values and achieve similar results in terms of human behavior, the factor that ignited the creation of these two historical pieces differ tremendously. The Analects was written by Confucius, also known as Kong Zi, who resided during the Era of Warring State, which was a sub-period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. This was a time of disunity and power struggle where the empire was divided into areas controlled feudal lords who desired to expand their land by conquering weaker neighboring states. In the midst of this, philosophies of humanity and order began to blossom, as people began to grow tiresome of the constant wars and chaos. Confucius emphasizes that, â€Å"If they [riches and honor] cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held†(p. ). These philosophies flourished as people began wanting reforms towards a harmonious life. Confucianism contributed to the downfall of the Zhou Dynasty, bringing in new values and social behaviors to the civilization. The Book of the Dead, on the other hand, formed due to the Egyptians emphasis of the afterlife. The Ancient Egyptian society was centered on the Nile River that p rovided fertile soil for the Egyptians to be able to survive. They believed that this â€Å"gift† from the Nile was from the gods when the people found favor with them. To maintain the positive relationship with the Gods, and to insure a favorable afterlife, The Book of the Dead was created as a guide for the dead to pass over to the next life. A contrast can be drawn in what stemmed the creation for each of these texts. The Analects was created to bring about change in the Chinese Civilization while the Book of the Dead was designed to further the positive relationship Egyptian people had with the Gods. . Though the two texts have varying origins, similar values are emphasized throughout the two historical texts and the civilization as a whole. The Egyptian word â€Å"maat† is an important term in the Egyptian society and is seen throughout the Book of the Dead. It signifies not just truth, but also balance, justice, and order. The people are required â€Å"live on maat, and feed on maat† (p. 3), which further reveals that the people’s life revolve around order and truth. In a similar fashion, Confucius also emphasizes the revolving order of truth, education, and justice. In the Analects, Confucius instructs man to â€Å"recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness†, an obvious dedication to not only justice and equality, but also sympathy. Further, Confucius reinforces that â€Å"the object of the superior man is truth, not food. † Similarly, the same parallel exists between the justice and equality aspect of the Analects and the â€Å"maat†, the order and truth, found in the Book of the Dead. Thus, the values conveyed in the Book of the Dead, for motivational purposes for a â€Å"good† afterlife, mirror the ones found in the Analects, as the common Chinese civilization also take to heart said values for the benefit of society overall and to improve their current circumstances. Therefore, although there is a difference in origin and intention abiding by such values, it is hard to avoid the fact that the common values and social rules revolving around both civilizations’ societies closely resemble one another. Though the messages revealed in the two historical texts are similar, how the same objective is delivered differs, which in turn also affects the people’s lifestyle. The Book of the Dead provides of list of actions that must and must not be done, as it serves as a checklist of things the Egyptians must do before death such as, â€Å"I have not caused pain, I have cause no man to hunger, I have made no one weep.. (p. 1). The Analects instead provides words of wisdom and guidance for the people when making the decision like, â€Å"What you do not want done to yourself, do not to do others† (p. 1). This empowers the people to make the decision and to find what it right and wrong. Another factor that further emphasis the difference in what motivates the people to conduct good behavior is education. Confucianism seeks to emphasize the importance of education and provide the genesis of the concept of morality. In other words, the priority and heavy emphasis given to education by Confucianism exists to enable the education of right from wrong, and it is their belief that only through such truth and knowledge can one be conscious of choosing right over wrong. As an extension of that philosophy, Confucianism also argues that to know the ethics between right and wrong is essentially useless without applying and acting upon it. In contrast, the Book of the Dead doesn’t emphasize such an innate and acute developed sense of morality and ethics, and instead, dictates several rules of what to do and what not to do. The mystery or education needed to identify right from wrong is not necessary, and practically doesn’t exist, and instead a simple adherence to discipline and obedience is the true test of their morality. In other words, the Egyptians did not place an emphasis of conscience or the development of ethics and morality, but instead places a greater emphasis on structured obedience, abiding by the rules stated in the Book of the Dead. All in all, it is no surprise that the two ancient civilizations live completely dissimilar lifestyles with contrasting beliefs, as they were isolated from one another. As the two began developing their culture, it is interesting to point out that their values and favored social conduct behavior ultimately became quite parallel. The emphasis in harmony, truth, and social order would not be prevalent in other societies, yet are in both the ancient Egyptians and the ancient Chinese civilizations. And yet, it is no doubt that their beliefs of the afterlife and motivation for following such conduct differs tremendously and is what gives each civilization their unique culture. How to cite From the Great Wall to the Pyramids, Papers

Digital Marketing Plan of Tsingtao Beer free essay sample

Tsingtao Beer manufactured by Tsingtao Brewery Company Limited (hereinafter referred to as Tsingtao Brewery ) which established in 1903 by a German businessman and a British businessman created a joint venture company in Qingdao, which is the Chinas historical beer manufacturer. Tsingtao Brewery selects of high quality barleys, wheat, rice, yeast and pure water as raw materials to brew beer. Tsingtao Brewery (0168) was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange at 15 July 1993, is the first mainland Chinese company listed overseas. In the same year on 27 August, Tsingtao Brewery (600600) was also listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, becoming the first Chinese dual-listed company. It was the official sponsor of the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. As of the end of 2012, Tsingtao Brewery has 59 breweries in 20 provinces and cities in China. In 2012 the company completed a total of 790 million liters of beer for sales; company achieved operating income of 25. 782 billion RMB; attributable to shareholders of listed companies’ net profit of 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Marketing Plan of Tsingtao Beer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 759 billion RMB, which is the most profitable company in the China’s beer brewing industry. The current brand value is 80. 585 billion RMB, is ranking the first in Chinas beer brewing industry and awarded as the worlds top 500 brands. Barth Report, the most authority report of the global beer industry ranking according to the production amount, Tsingtao Brewery is the sixth largest beer manufacturer in the world. Tsingtao Brewery’s beer products are exported to the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Macao and other 80 countries and regions. Tsingtao Brewery’s vision is to become an international dominant company globally( ); and it mission is â€Å"with our passion to brewing the consumers’ favorite beer to create happiness for the life. †( , ) Tsingtao Brewery is one of the first brand enter the international market in China which producing various types of beer products, there marketing strategy is combined with brand communication, consumers’ experience and products sales( : â€Å" †. ); it generated revenue by selling products that is Business-to-Customer (B2C) that a transaction occurs between a company and a consumer, it may describe a company that provides goods or services to the end-user consumers. Its business model is Click-and-Mortar that includes both online and offline operations, which typically include a website and a physical store. A click-and-mortar company can offer customers the benefits of fast online transactions or traditional face-to-face service. Competitors Analysis Yanjing Beer (China) is domestic competitor. Market Analysis PESTLE Analysis PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environment analysis) describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives an overview of the different macro-environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. (A) Political Factors From now and the next few years, China and the world political situation is basically stable. â€Å"Peace and Development† are the two main themes of the contemporary world; it is also a common belief of people around the world. China follows these contemporary themes and develops the trade relations with other countries, according to the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1990. China’s tariff barriers are faded, therefore, different foreign brands enter into China, there are approximately 40 foreign brands of beer are enter and manufacture in China, which production are 4. 3% of the domestic beer production. Facing the challenges of foreign brands of beer is a great impact to Chinas beer brewing industry, however, it also have some benefits that the reduction of import tariffs has expand the choices of foreign high quality raw materials and foreign high technology equipments, e. g. purchase the high technology equipments can improve the level of brewing, in addition, it also can lead China’s beer products into international market. . (B) Economic Factors Economic cycle is the refection of the economic from the process of expansionrecessionrecoveryboom; its upward and downward movements along with the levels of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and refers to the period of expansions and contractions in the level of economic activities (business fluctuations) around its long-term growth trend. [2] According to the related statistics show that China is currently in the â€Å"expansion† stage of the economic cycle, and from the Prediction Results of the Economic Growth in 2001-2020 conducted the State Council Development Research Center, the China’s GDP growth rate between 2001 and 2010 is 7. 9%, therefore, it can predict that China has continuously stable and sustainable economic development in the upcoming years; as this reason, China has a development potential in economics, that implies the beer brewing industry will also has a strong development power. (C) Social Factors (1) Lifestyle change Beer first appeared in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (Iraq), it is innovated by Egypt and through North Africa, Eby, Leah peninsula, France enter into south of Germany, and the German technician export around the world. After the Chinese society had reform, from the influence of Western culture, the food culture had mixed towards western, that beer had import into China, people from totally not recognize beer, and now become an beverage that is indispensable. (2) Effect of Growing Population According to the trend of China growing population, since early 70s, China had enforced a â€Å"One-Child-Policy†, the birth rate has decreased significantly, however, the great historical heritage population size is still considerable. According to the statistics, in 2000, China had 8. 16 million people aged 18-60, is 2. 15 times compare with 1964, since 18-60 years old people are the beer consumer groups that means the prospect of China’s beer brewing industry is very well. (D) Technological Factors Technology is the most powerful element that can changing human destiny. The companys development is inseparable from technology, if there are no technology and product innovation, there is no business growth and progress, and no business future. Tsingtao Brewery can enter into the international market, because they have technology and product innovation. However, base on the overall performance of China’s domestic brewery, the technology level is relatively low, model is relatively small, material consumption is relatively high, efficiency is relatively low, use 8-40 cubic meters of water to produce 1 tons of beer, however, other developed countries just use 5-10 cubic meters to produce 1 tons of beer, that means China’s brewery technology level is not mature, therefore, technological innovation, save limited resources, strengthening environmental protection is the beer brewing industry development trends. (E) Legal Factors Law is playing a guiding and development of protection, supervision and limitation roles in beer brewing industry, according to the economy development of the society, the commercial transactions is more frequent and the market environment is more complicated, subsequently faced various potential legal issues. If the business process exists in the legal issues can not be solved immediately, it will accumulated; once the issues is discovered, the enterprise will suffer a significant losses. The â€Å"Law of Food Safety will release by The State Administration of Quality Supervision at the fourth season of 2013, which encourage the enterprises to use advanced technology to conduct the quality check process. The State Administration of Quality Supervision has found the beer has exceeded formaldehyde at 2012. It reflects the beer brewing industry is neglect on the relevant laws and regulations; there will have a negative effect to the domestic beer brewing industry. (F) Environmental Factors The majority of industrial activities may destroy the natural environment inevitably, however, from now on, United Nations (UN) and the Governments around the world have given attention to the environment pollution, and release related law to cease the environment pollution. This is both an objective to protect the Earths environment, and also a way that harmonious coexistence between man and nature. By brewing beer, it must have to discharge wastewater; currently, assessment of beer brewing industrial wastewater quality is using national discharge standard GB8978-1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard, not specified separately for the beer brewing industry discharge standards, however, from 1 January 2006 on, Beer Brewing Industry Emission Standards had enforced as mandatory standard. To summarize the PESTLE analysis to Tsingtao Beer, political stability and political views and conduct are directly influent the entire economic environment to have positive or negative effect, and at different stages of economic cycle and the level of economic development will affect the social culture and lifestyle. Economy provided guarantee of the quality to technology development, at the same time, technological innovation can improve the economy. To add some laws and regulations also put more effort on environment protection to achieve sustainable development. http://www. tsingtao. com. cn/index. shtml 2) ^ Madhani, P. M. (2010). Rebalancing Fixed and Variable Pay in a Sales Organization: A Business Cycle Perspective. Compensation Benefits Review 42(3), pp. 179–189 SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is the structure planning method that used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats; which is basic marketing analysis method, used in the formulation of a business development strategy of the enterprise prior to depth and comprehensive analysis and competitive positioning. Strengths It is internal factors of an organization, including a favorable competitive situation, adequate financial resources, good corporate image, high-end technology, economies of scale, product quality and cost advantages. 1. Tsingtao Brewery is the world-renowned brand of China’s brand of beer which won many domestic and international competitions, is recognized as the famous beer by domestic and foreign consumers. 2. It has decades of international experience, since 1947 Tsingtao Brewery began sales in Southeast Asia market; Tsingtao Brewery began export to Europe in the 1950s; from the 1990s on, the sales in Europe increased substantially; Tsingtao Brewery began exporting the American market in 1978,. Tsingtao Brewery has formed Southeast Asia, Europe and the Americas three pillars of the international market. 3. The product quality is relatively stable and can produce at very low cost. 4. Tsingtao Brewery Company Limited was established and access to international capital markets in 1993, the company shares were listed in Hong Kong and Shanghai at the same year, becoming the first in the dual-listed company limited. 5. Tsingtao Brewery packaging designed to highlight fashion, younger, in line with the pursuit of fashion is always the theme of the international market. Every brand of beer can seize consumer preferences; firmly grasp the consumer market trends. To mastered the concept of consumer spending and consumer psychology, and the perfect resort to the brand, Tsingtao Brewery enhance the brand image, mastered the consumer market. 6. As the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games sponsor, Tsingtao Brewery is leveraging the Olympics, to enhance international influence of this century-old brand. Olympic marketing enhanced Tsingtao Brewery brand awareness and reputation in the international market and accumulated potential. 7. It have initial international corporate image, there have good management processes and business ideas in Tsingtao Brewery, which can improve production efficiency, reduce costs, improve human resource management, and other aspects of brand building. Its corporate culture and business philosophy began to transform to the international business. 8. Tsingtao Brewery uses racle E-Business Suite to provide an integrated, complete and scalable management platform and solutions that enable the company to grow up continuously in the future. By adopt Timely Expansion System which provides protection for future development, but also contains a global enterprise operations management ideas and methods to fulfill the requirements of the group of companies, international management application. Weaknesses It is also internal factors of an organization, including aging equipment; lack of key technologies; outdated research and development; shortage of funds; mismanagement; poor competitiveness. 1. Many foreign consumers is not recognized the quality of Chinese food, and with export tariffs, China’s beer do not have such advantage. 2. The resources are restricted in the internationalization process, thee channel was control and the cost of overseas expansion is extremely high. 3. Tsingtao Brewery overseas agents are not very matures that limiting its development. 4. Tsingtao Brewery still subject to the international constraints, high brand awareness in the country, however, the brand influence in foreign countries is still relatively small, so the opportunity of globally massive expansion is not yet mature. The marketing costs are relatively high when mergers and build a new branch in other countries. 5. It is difficult to build up brand loyalty and cultural connotation in the international market. 6. How to build the core competence continuously and the ability of expanding overseas market are the considerations of Tsingtao Brewery internationalization process. Opportunities It is external factors of an organization, including new products, new markets, new demands, foreign market barriers left and competitors’ blunders. 1. Impact of economic globalization. 2. In the international market, especially the American and European markets, consumers have big purchasing power, and the competitive environment is great profitable than China’s market. 3. Tsingtao Brewery is innovative, it launch new products continuously and it good at analyze market’s trends and consumer behaviors; which have opportunity in expanding the market demand and increase the market share. 4. Tsingtao Brewery has trying to transform from export via trade agents in the past to they do the export activities themselves now. Threats It is also external factors of an organization, including new competitors, increased in substitute, decrease in market demand, changes in trade policy, economic recession and any sudden events. 1. There have great market competition in global beer market and domestic beer market, such as Budweiser (America), Beck (Germany) is global competitors, and Yanjing Beer (China) is domestic competitor. 2. The population of the beer tastes in different countries is different. 3. There have differences characteristics of consumers among different countries and the countrys market environment is also quite different. Tsingtao Brewery existing marketing strategy is outbound (traditional) marketing, that mixed with brand communication, consumers’ experience and products sales using which is only give information to mass amount of people, but no target audiences, it is one-way communication that no customer engagement involved, this marketing strategy is not effective for our contemporaries. Inbound marketing is becoming a new trend, which is pull customer when they discover a need or interest, they will try to find out more information themselves, that is two-way communication; digital marketing is one of the effective method in inbound marketing, that make use of electronic devices such as tablets, smartphones and computers to engage with stakeholders. Website development, trade show events attendance, branding, search engine optimization, customer relationship management, public relations, social networking and video production. Integration Website, message structure, CRM system, Sales process – unregulated, department, people responsibilities Tactics/ etools Social Media: Referral traffic, encourage engagement, professional forum posts, additional B2B networking, apply RACE model Online PR: strengthen existing/ new image, deliver new value Offline Trade show: Physical presence Online Branding: Old message vs. new message CRM Email plus Mobile marketing A prize draws to win a holiday Customer who read online video or product demonstration Find an answer to the question Text the answer with their name and email address What you get as a marketer from above Capture 2000 mobile phone number from your existing or prospect customers Acquire 3000 email address Raise awareness about the news products Create 3000 new member registration When customer read or clicks adv. On website Follow up immediately by email promotion Outbound marketing Log on the bank or call support centre for more info. About the service Customers receive a pack of package hard copy for info. About the service E plus m marketing Send text message with email address Immediately receive confirmation email and then link to website for info. About the service